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Electricity 201
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Ohm's Law | Wire Gauge Capacitys & Uses | Circuit Capacities | Appliance Wattages
"Ohm's Law"
There is a fundamental relationship between voltage, amperage, and resistance in a closed functional circuit. This relationship is known as "Ohm's Law." Ohm's Law states:
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Current is proportional to the circuit's resistance.
What the heck does that mean?
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When the circuit voltage decreases, the current decreases.
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When the circuit resistance increases, the current decreases.
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When the circuit resistance decreases, the current increases.
Wattage also has a direct relationship with voltage, amperage, and resistance in the circuit.
Current and amperage are two words meaning basically the same thing. However, amperage is the measurement used to communicate the amount of current flowing past a given point in one second.
The symbol of I for current can also be used in place of A for amperage.
A basic guide to wire sizes and a few of their uses.
Wire Gauge |
Wire capacity & Uses |
|
60 amps, 240 volts; Central air conditioner, electric furnace. |
|
40 amps, 240 volts; Electric range, wall oven. |
|
30 amps, 240 volts; Dryer, window air conditioner. |
|
20 amps, 120 volts; washers, receptacles, microwaves. |
|
15 amps, 120 volts; light fixtures, receptacles. |
|
Light-duty extension cords |
|
Thermostats, doorbells, security systems. |
To determine safe circuit capacities multiply the amperage rating by voltage. The answer is expressed in watts.
| Amps x Volts |
Total Capacity |
Safe Capacity |
15 A x 120 V |
1800 watts |
1440 watts |
20 A x 12 V |
240 watts |
1920 watts |
25 A x 120 V |
3000 watts |
2400 watts |
30 A x 120 V |
3600 watts |
2880 watts |
20 A x 240 V |
4800 watts |
3840 watts |
30 A x 240 V |
7200 watts |
5760 watts |
Typical Wattages of Various Appliances
Here are some wattage examples for various household appliances:
Clothes washer = 350–500
Clothes dryer = 1800–5000
Dishwasher = 1200–2400 (using the drying feature greatly increases energy consumption. By increasing water temperature to encourage evaporation, the dry option is rarely needed.)
Coffee maker = 900–1200
Hair dryer = 1200–1875
Heater (portable) = 750–1500
Clothes iron = 1000–1800
Microwave oven = 750–1100
Refrigerator (frost-free, 16 cubic feet) = 725
Toaster = 800–1400
Vacuum cleaner = 1000–1440