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Electricity 201

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Ohm's Law | Wire Gauge Capacitys & Uses | Circuit Capacities | Appliance Wattages

ohm"Ohm's Law"appliance repair help ohms Law

There is a fundamental relationship between voltage, amperage, and resistance in a closed functional circuit. This relationship is known as "Ohm's Law." Ohm's Law states:

  1. Current is directly proportional to the applied voltage.

  2. Current is proportional to the circuit's resistance.

 

What the heck does that mean?

  1. When the circuit voltage increases, the current increases.

  2. When the circuit voltage decreases, the current decreases.

  3. When the circuit resistance increases, the current decreases.

  4. When the circuit resistance decreases, the current increases.

Wattage also has a direct relationship with voltage, amperage, and resistance in the circuit.

Current and amperage are two words meaning basically the same thing.  However, amperage is the measurement used to communicate the amount of current flowing past a given point in one second.

The symbol of I for current can also be used in place of A for amperage.

A basic guide to wire sizes and a few of their uses.


Wire Gauge

Wire capacity & Uses

range wire#6

60 amps, 240 volts; Central air conditioner, electric furnace.

oven wire#8

40 amps, 240 volts; Electric range, wall oven.

dryer wire#10

30 amps, 240 volts; Dryer, window air conditioner.

washer microwave wire#12

20 amps, 120 volts; washers, receptacles, microwaves.

#14

15 amps, 120 volts; light fixtures, receptacles.

#16

Light-duty extension cords

#18-22

Thermostats, doorbells, security systems.


To determine safe circuit capacities multiply the amperage rating by voltage.  The answer is expressed in watts.


Amps x Volts

Total Capacity

Safe Capacity

15 A x 120 V

1800 watts

1440 watts

20 A x 12 V

240 watts

1920 watts

25 A x 120 V

3000 watts

2400 watts

30 A x 120 V

3600 watts

2880 watts

20 A x 240 V

4800 watts

3840 watts

30 A x 240 V

7200 watts

5760 watts

Typical Wattages of Various Appliances

Here are some wattage examples for various household appliances:

Clothes washer = 350–500
Clothes dryer = 1800–5000
Dishwasher = 1200–2400 (using the drying feature greatly increases energy consumption.  By increasing water temperature to encourage evaporation, the dry option is rarely needed.)
Coffee maker = 900–1200
Hair dryer = 1200–1875
Heater (portable) = 750–1500
Clothes iron = 1000–1800
Microwave oven = 750–1100
Refrigerator (frost-free, 16 cubic feet) = 725
Toaster = 800–1400
Vacuum cleaner = 1000–1440

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